Exploring the use of self-report behavioural science questionnaires in sub-Saharan African countries

Abstract

Background: The study of human behaviour is dominated by work published on Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) populations. Not only do samples in psychological studies need diversifying, but the research methods and tools used to assess human behaviour require further consideration for non-WEIRD populations. There is a demand to prioritise research efforts in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and ensure that research methods are culturally relevant. Methods: Mixed methods were used to assess what researchers should consider when developing behavioral science measures to explore self-report measures in SSA countries. A qualitative study explored behavioural science researchers’ experiences of the methodological challenges of using self-report questionnaires in SSA countries. A systematic review considered what self-report measurement tools have been used to assess the behavioural influences on antimicrobial use for healthcare workers working in SSA countries, as an example area to explore potential problems with measurements. A secondary data analysis study was also conducted to assess whether response category descriptors of Likert scales were perceived differently by individuals in the UK and individuals in SSA countries. Results: This thesis highlights key challenges which are particularly pertinent for researchers working in SSA countries, including differing interpretations of psychological constructs; complexities with adaptation and translation of question items and Likert response scales; and under reporting of pilot testing, validity, and reliability assessments. Conclusions: Being aware of the potential limitations with quantitative self-report measures, reflecting on alternative methods for collecting data and ensuring adequate adaptation of measurement tools is crucial to developing questionnaires which are relevant in SSA countries. This may involve investing in research development practices to understand psychological constructs from the viewpoint of individuals in SSA countries, setting aside Western preconceptions on psychological constructs and how they should be measured.